The fault switch - A possible life-saver!                Fault current protection switches are protective devices to record flows of difference (error flows, operational leakage) in electrical equipment. They offer "protection against electric shock" to the following conditions: For the error protection safeguard measure "fault circuit" in the TT system: The error protection safeguard measure "Nullung" in TN system: only when the shut-off conditions are not respected. For additional protection <30 mA, for fault circuit and Nullung (preferably G-type) For fire safety max. 300 mA, at  Nullung 300 mA, Nullung        Important terms:    Compatibility (EMC): No adverse effects of the bottle by the way the downstream equipment (disturbed and undisturbed holding), the "default release" or "non-tripping '.     Short circuit strength: short circuit after the bottle may be used for the required off the fuse Fl upstream no damage to the FI lead -> maximum permissible short-circuit power only in conjunction with maximum pre-manufacturer zB 10 000 A fuse 100 A for example 10 000 A at 100 A fuse      Overload resistance: Overload current flows between nominal and short-circuit current of the bottle for the conventional off the pre-(usually up to 1 hour) may not damage the bottle by thermal  Overload.     AC sensitivity: (Type AC) collecting only difference sinusoidal currents. Equal shares in error (Ableit) AC influence the trigger adverse F     Pulse current sensitivity: property of a type A which causes no change in the unreliable release performance pulsating with equal flows occurs.      Surge current strength: Resistance to default release flows in shock as a result of transient voltage surge example in thunderstorms and switching (3000 Type A at G, 5000 A at Type S)     Selectivity: the effect of the elimination of only one of two series-connected Fl in case of errors, Fl-specific not overlap release time     Time behavior: the dependence off on the amount of errors No current delay - typically 300 ms, delay 10 - 300 ms type G, 40 - 500 ms Type S     Test (test): the manual is only functional testing of the bottle with about 2x IÄN fault current reproduction (does not check the protective measure)     Mark (eg ÖVE etc.): certifies compliance with the Fl-specific standards (standards conformity marks)     CE: only certifies compliance with the specific EU guidelines - no safety sign!     Lamps resistance: resistance to false, caused by higher non-operational leakage sinusoidal     Inverter resistance: resistance to false by detecting, evaluating and Ignoring inverter installations occurring in operational stray current> 50 Hz mainly caused by EMC filters and capacitive conditional Ableitströmen between converters and engine output (Fl-U, FID-B).           What happens when a power accident?      Is there a physical contact with the power, so does the electricity from a certain power to such an extent in the body that the normal impulses from the brain no longer can reach the muscles (from approximately 10 mA).  The muscles are influenced by external and pull together. This is no longer possible to live subject, such as a metal handle, will let go of their own.       What influences are there?      When the power flow through the human body are different factors are important: The amount of tension, the strength of the electric current, frequency, the resistance of the human body and the exposure of the stream to the body.  it is from a current of 30 mA, about 0.5 seconds (see Figure curve) the heart flows.  Then ventricular fibrillation, the pumping function of the heart lifted. . This is the oxygen supply to the brain is no longer guaranteed.  After about three to five minutes in this state will do irreparable damage and death can occur.                What prevents the fault switch the electricity accident?      These tragic consequences it can be avoided by a fault switch to ensure that these limits are not the steps.  10 mA, 30 mA, 300 mA, und 500 mA. This fault current circuit breakers, switches short-RCD (residual current device) or FI-protection switch (no more official name, and there are two vierpolig error for nominal currents 10 mA, 30 mA, 300 mA, and 500 mA.      Usually today is the use of 30 mA-fault switch, as there is a widespread protection also in direct touch is ensured.  Fault switch with higher trip, for example, for the protection of machinery, for which even in normal condition a small error stream can be. A good protection for the 10 mA fault current circuit breakers, since they in case of errors before entry of muscle cramp trigger and the power supply.      For mobile use in commerce are also fault switch available, so-called GFCI-S, the error in the installation it and then - as long as the error - no longer turn. The figure below shows the Principle of error protection switch. During normal operation of electrical installations of the consumers needed electrical power from the supply to the consumer, and in the same size back.  The fault switch contained total current transformers (toroidal coils with it) compares the lines flowing into the streams. If the sum of incoming flows no longer the sum of the run-off flows, it solves the "lost power" is a trip, which monitored the circuit, shutting down immediately.             Functional testing of the fault switch     All fault switches are equipped with a test, a functional test. This test should every 6 months by a knowledgeable users.  For commercial installations this test is required.     If the test is not carried out, the glue contacts. A trigger in case of errors is not possible.     The fault switch is state of the art in new installations.
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